Accor­ding to our inter­pre­ta­tion, “Σῴζειν τὰ φαινóμενα : Essai sur la notion de théo­rie phy­sique” pur­sues two intri­ca­te­ly inter­t­wi­ned objec­tives. Pri­ma­ri­ly, it aims to esta­blish the his­to­ri­cal signi­fi­cance of Duhe­mian phe­no­me­na­lism — the accu­ra­cy of which had pre­vious­ly been esta­bli­shed in “La Théo­rie Phy­sique : son Objet et sa Struc­ture” — first­ly, by posi­tio­ning it within a mil­le­na­ry tra­di­tion and, second­ly, by exa­mi­ning the conse­quences, both posi­tive and nega­tive, that sub­se­quent­ly arose from the various ways of com­pre­hen­ding the idea of phy­si­cal theo­ry. Secon­da­ri­ly, it prof­fers a novel inter­pre­ta­tion of the ratio­nale behind the Gali­leo affair, from a point of view which is both phi­lo­so­phi­cal (that of the Duhe­mian epis­te­mo­lo­gy as it had alrea­dy been deve­lo­ped in “The Aim and Struc­ture of Phy­si­cal Theo­ry”) and his­to­ri­cal (that of the les­sons resul­ting from his­to­ri­cal consi­de­ra­tions in “To Save the Phe­no­me­na”). This article is dedi­ca­ted to esta­bli­shing the exis­tence of the first goal by exa­mi­ning, first­ly, whe­ther or not it had actual­ly been sought out by Duhem him­self, and, second­ly, whe­ther or not he belie­ved he had achie­ved it.